Motor



J. BIJUR.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. APPLIIIATION FILED Nov. 18.1314.

1,308,158. Ratented July 1; 1919. v

I'V/TNESSES: I INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY8.

UNITED STATES PATENT orrron. I

- JOSEPH BIJ'UR, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., .A SSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO BIJUR MOTOR APPLIANCEOOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

- ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 1, 1919.

' Application filed November is, 1914. 'Serial No. 872,702."

- To all whom z't may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH BIJUR a citi-.

This inventi ple and practical construction and eflicient action.-,

Another object is toprovide in apparatus of the above nature means whereby current is conveniently and simply controlled to give the desired characteristics to the dythe annexed drawings and in part indicated namo action.

Another ob ect is to providein apparatus of the type first mentioned, means whereby against injury I the various parts are guarded in action. 1

Other obj ects'will be in part obvious from in connection therewith by the following analysis of this invention.

' internal combustion engine, thecrank shaft This invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of parts, and in the unique relations of the members and in'the relative proportioning and disposition thereof; all as more completely outlined hereim Toenable' others skilled in the art so fully to comprehend the underlying features thereof that they may embody the same by the-numerous modifications in structure and relation contemplated by this invention, drawings depicting a preferredf'orm have been annexed as a part'of this disclosure,

' and in suchdrawings, like characters of refout all the views, of which:

Figure 1 is asemi-diagrammatic elevation erence denote corresponding parts throughshowing a central longitudinal section from the dynamo. i Y

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic plan of electrical circuits and related devices.

' Referring now to 10f thedrawings, there is diagrammat cally indicated at 1 an 2 of which'is provided with the fly wheel 3 having thereon the gear 4.

Positioned adjacent this fiy wheel is the on relates to auxiliary dyin'amo-electric apparatus, particularly for use in starting internal combustion engines.

One of the objects thereof is to provide 1 apparatus of the above type of the most simshaft.

The opposite end of thedynamo s aft is recessed as indicated at 9, and is mounted to slide endwise in itsbearing 10; the. first end of the shaft sliding in a similar manner in the bearing-11; Recess 9.1eceives a spiral compression spring 12, the opposite end of which engages a stud or post 13 formed on the dynamo head-14. This springnormally urges the armature with its shaft toward the left, as viewed in Fig; 1 of thedrawings, holding gear 8 out of mesh with gear 4 and .in this'position the-armature 5 is out of registry with field magnets 6. Upon the latter receiving current, however, there is a strong endwise pull upon the armature to draw it lnto registry with the field magnets and thus mesh gear 8 withgear.

In the head or aux1liary casing 14, an slidably mounted upon the stud 13, is a cam member 15 of circular cross-section and provided with a flange 16. As the armature slides, as above set forth, the end of its shaft engages this cam member at 17 after it has partially completed its travel, and upon moving through to the right brings the flange'into operative relation to the annular flanges 18 provided, with a winding 19 whereby they form an iron-clad electromagnet with flange 16 as an armature. I

The retraction of this flange is brought about by the vpressure'o'f-a spiral spring 20 compressed between the dynamo head and the cam member at 21.

The outer surface of the round cam member 15 is provided with a flaring or conical portion 22 merging into a. substantially cylindrical surface 23. Thiscam member is engaged by a roller 24 journaled in alever '25 u on a rock shaft 26 which extends lengthwise of. the dynamo passing through the inner head 27 at 28 and adapted to. oscill t bout an axis parallel to the dynamo The inner end of rock shaft 26 is provided with a lever 29 extending substantially parallel to lever 25 and in the same direction from the rock shaft. This lever is secured at its outer end to the guide 30 of the brush. 31, the latter being pressed down wardly for feeding by the usual flat spring A spring 33 is coiled about rock shaft 26 and anchored to the inner head 27, its free end bearing on lever 25 in such direction as to urge the roller 24 toward the cam member 15 and keep it continuously in contact therewith by the rocking of the shaftparts in the normal inoperative position shown and the roller upon the cylindrical portion of the cam, it rests clear of the com- .of cam 15 and raises brush 31 mutator as indicated in Fig. 1 of thedrawings. If now, however, the field magnets be excited and the armaturemove toward the right, the completion of its path of travel forces the member 15 against the electromagnet, as .-above described, and permits roller 24 to ride downwardly upon theconical ortion of the cam, thus oscillating shaft 26 andswingin brush '31 against the commutator 34 wit a pressure which is determined by the brush feeding spring 32. Upon the cam member 15 moving to the left,

however, as hereinafter described,'the roller 24.- again rides upon the cylindrical portion away from the commutator.

Withthis understanding of the mechanical features of this invention, reference is now made to Fig. 2.

The circuit of a storage battery 35 leads through a switch 36 which may be depressed and closed by the foot pedal 37 of an autothe diagrammatic showing of mobile. From this point the circuit leads to the positive brush 38, which is of the ordinary construction, positioned at the neutralpoint and not showndn Fig. 1 in order to avoid complicating the latter. The negative brushes 'are' two in number, one of which is the brush 31, above referred to, disposed opposite the neutral point of thecommutator; the remaining negative brush 39 is positioned far from the neutral point of the generator and may be even adjacent the positive brush 38. Brush 39 is slidably mounted in a guide 40 formed on a lever arm 41 extending from the rock shaft 26in a direction substantially opposite from the arm 29 in such manner that as the rock shaft is swung as above described to throw brush 31 toward the commutator 34,. it will swing brush39 away from the commutator immediately after brush 31 has made engage ment. It is to be noted that both brushesare urged toward the commutator by the spiral springs 32 and that a space 42 is provided between the brush guide and the portion 43' which it engages to lift the brush in order to rectly from brush 31, the circuit then passing through the series field winding 46 of the dynamo to the remaining pole of the battery 35.

Shunted about the dynamo is a circuit 47' leading through the winding 19 on the electromagnet above described.

The action and method of use of the above apparatus is substantially as follows I The gears 8 and 4 normally lie out of mesh oropera'tive relation, and it may here be noted that the term gear is used throughout in a broad sense to comprehend any type of toothed or friction connection. Upon pedal 37 being depressed, the switch member 36 completes a circuit which passes to the motor through positive brush 38 and thence through the ne ative auxiliary brush 39, resistance 44 and eldwinding 46 tothe battery. With the current thus passing through the motor armature and leavin the commutator through the brush 39 materially spaced from the negative neutral point, there is obviously a marked distortion of and lack of symmetry to the magnetic field which the armature windings create. This is due largely to the fact that the current in the windings comprehended between brush 39 and the neutral point opposite 31, passes in such direction as to oppose or retard the rotary movementof the armature by generating a reverse magnetomotive force. For this reason, there is imparted to the armature a relatively weak rotative force or torque, although the pull of the field mag nets in an endwise direction upon thearmature is considerable. This strong endwise pull quickly brings the slowly turning pinion 8 into mesh with gear 4, the contiguous ends of the teeth being suitably rounded or pointed if desired. Thereupon the armature shaft forces the cam member 15 to the right, with reference to F ig. 1 of the drawings, permitting the roller 24, which is diagrammatically indicated as ofis'et in Fig. 2, for clearness, to ride downwardly upon the cam member 15. This action swings the levers 29 and 41,- as above described, bringing brush 31 against commutator and immediately thereafter withdrawing brush 39. There is now exerted a strong rotary force upon the armature for not only is, the start mg current undiminished by resistance 44 but the negative brush is properly positioned at the neutral point, thus eliminating theimpedingaction of brush 39. The motor now'exerts its full torque and quickly starts engine 1 which upon speeding up rotates armature 5 at such rate that its counterelec-tromotive force vquickly cuts down the strength of the field 6 and permits spring 12 t to throw the armature to the left, bringing pinion 8 out vof mesh with gear4. If at this stage the switch 36 has been permitted to rise,,the cam member 15 will also move to the left being released by the electromagnet and retracted by spring 20.

This action, which is the reverse of that above described, first permits auxiliary brush 1 39 to come into operative relation to thecommutator and then'withdraws brushBl, If,

however, the switch 36 is held closed after the gears have broken engagement, the ac-j tion of magnet 19 holds the cam member in the position into which it has been .moved and brush 31 remains in contact with the commutator. The motor is thus maintained traction, of the electro-magnet upon the has, as above noted, a material travel before a hammerlblow which overcomes the static .friction of the sliding parts and aids in rendering j certain,

" apparatus the burning of the contacts of the. switch 36 is materially reduced, for at whatflange 16. Due to this action, the parts may be soproportioned that there is a material preponderance of magnetic pull of the field magnets to bring the armatureinto registry and the meshing of the gears is rendered correspondingly positive and reliable. This 'efiect-isgained, moreover, without sacrificing the reliability ofathe' demeshing action when current, 'is cut ofl, for in such case the'windings 19 are deenergized and both springs 20 and 12 co-act in forcing the arma-[j tu-re toward the left and the pinion 8'out of mesh with gearAnother feature of the I action of thisapparatus which may not be "obvious is that? armature 5 moving toward the-right as thegears arebrought into mesh engagingthecam member 15 and thus deliv? ers to the latter, by reason of this momentum,

thefloperation of the mechanism more Itfwill' also b seen that by theme at this" ever time 1 this switch ispermitted' to 0pm 7 the current is held at slow value either by and nothing herein is to be construed to the resistance 44 or by the considerable coun ter-electromotive force of the dynamo, due to the action of the high-speed brush 31. It is also to be understood that the swinging of the brushes with consequent increase in torque of the" armature, does not await the a completion of the sliding movement but occurs wheneverthe gears are securely in mesh the contrary. 1

/ It will thus be seen that the parts are not only guarded against mechanical injury but the electrical injury is reduced to a mini mum, and the construction is simple and its action reliable and eflicient.

As many changes might be made in the above construction, and as many apparently different embodiments mi ht be made of this invention without departlng from'the scope thereof, it is intended that all featuresllerein described or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted asillustrative I and not in a limiting sense. v Having thus revealed this invention, I

claim as new and desire tosecure the follow-- ing combinations of elements, or equivalents thereof, by Letters Patent of the United Stat'es: v 3

, ll In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, an internal combustion engine,

a dynamo provided with an endwiseslidable armature normally out of registry with its field magnets, gearing positioned between said engine and said. dynamo adapted to form a power transmitting connection therebetween as said armature slides, a brush substantially opposite one neutralpoint of the commutator of said dynamo,'a brush substantially opposite a complementary neutral point, a brush opposite a point of 'said commutator angularly spaced from either'neu-. tral point, means adapted to move said sec- 0nd and third brushes alternatively into con-. tact with the commutator and a device controlled by the sliding movement of said arr mature and acting upon said last means to render said third brush operative during said sliding movement and said second'brush operative at a later stage of said movement. r- 2. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, an internal combustion engine, a dynamo provided with an endwise slidable armature normally out of regi'str with its field magnets, gearing positione between said engine and said dynamo adapted to form a power transmitting connection there- -between as said armature slides, a brush sub stantially oppositeone neutral point of the commutator of said dynamo, a brush sub stantially opposite a complementaryneutral point, afibrushvopposite .a point ofsaid coin mutatorangularly spaced from either neutral point, a device adapted to move saidsec 0nd and third brushes alternatively against between as said armature slides, a brush sub-' stantially opposite one neutral point of the commutator of said dynamo, a brush substantially opposite a complementary neutral point, a brush opposite a point of said com-,

mutator angularly spaced from either neutral point, a device adapted to move said second and third brushes alternatively against said commutator, a cam controlling the action of said device and controlled by the sliding movement of said armature, and electromag.

netic means adapted to prevent reverse action of said brushes as said armature returns to normal position.

4. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, means adapted to drive said engine from said motor, and means adapted to lead current to one brush of said motor through a resistance and subsequently lead it directly to another brush without said resistance.

5. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, means adapted to drive said engine from said motor, and a. single device adapted. successively to lead current to said motor through one brush and aresistance element in series therewith andthereupon directly through another brush.

6. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, means adapted to drive said engine from said motor, means adapted to lead current to said motor through one brush having a resistance in series therewith,

and a device adapted thereafter to move another brush into contact with the commutator of said motor and lead current directly thereto.

7. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a dynamo having an armature which is slidable endwise with respect to its field magnets, an internal combustion engine,

combination, a dynamo having an armature which is slidable endwise with respect to its field magnets, an internal combustion engine, gearing adapted upon said armature sliding to connect said engine with said dynamo, resilient means tending to urge said armature out of registry with its field'magnets, and means adapted to reduce the effect of said resilient means during the movement of said armature toward registry with its field magnets. 7

9. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a dynamo having an armature which is slidable endwise with respect to its field magnets, an internal combustion engine, gearing adapted upon said armature sliding to connect said engine with said dynamo, a spring tending to slide said armature'out of registry with its field magnets, a second spring tending to aid said first spring in said action, and means tending to neutralize the efi'ec't of said second spring as said armature slides toward registry with its field magnets.

10. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a dynamo having an armature. which is slidable endwise with'respect to its field magnets, an internal combustion engine, gearing adapted upon said armature sliding to connect said engine with said dynamo, means adapted upon actuation to affeet the current led to said armature, and a device adapted to actuate said-last means and positioned to be engaged and actuated by a part controlled by saidarmature during its sliding movement, said part being so formed as to make said enga ement after said armature has started its s idingmovement,

11. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine. an electric motor, means adapted to drive said engine from said motor, a source of current, a pair of brushes positioned opposite the commutator of said motor, one of which is connected with said source of current in series with.- a resistance element and the other of which is connected with said source of current independently of said resistance element, and means adapted to lead current from said source to said motor first through said first brush and thereafter through said second brush.

' 12. In apparatus of the class described, in combtnatlon, an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, means adapted to drive said engine from said motor, a source of current, a pair of brushes positioned opposite the commutator of said motor, one of which is connected with said source of current in being started to admit 'current'thereto first through said first brush. and thereafter through said second brush and as themotonis stopped to cut off current first through said second brush and then through said first brushr I 13. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, means adapted to drive said engine from said motor, a source of cur rent; a'pairof brushes positioned opposite the commutator of said motor, one of which is connected with said source of current in series with a resistance elementand the other of which is connected with said source of current independently of said resistance element, and means adapted to admit current to said motor as it isstarted through said first brush and thereafter to move said second brush against the commutator of the motor.

14:. In'apparatusof the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engme,

an electric motor, means adapted to driveseries with a resistance element and the other of wlnch is connected wlth said source of current independently of said resistance element, means adapted as the motor is started combination, an internalcombustion engine,

an electric motor, means adapted to drive said engine from said motor, a source of current, a pair of brushes positionedopposite the commutator of said motor, one of which is connected with said source of'current in series with a resistance element and the other of which is connected with said source of cur rent independently of said resistance element, means adapted as the motor is started to lead current thereto through said first brush and a cam actuated device adapted thereafter to move said second brush into engagement with the commutator and to cause it to move away from the commutator when the motor is stopped.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name, as attested by the two subscribing witnesses. I

JOSEPH BIJUR. Witnesses:

M. J. Coornn, R. S. BLAIR. 

